Appendix A — References

How to Cite This Handbook

Public Health AI Handbook DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18263442

The Public Health AI Handbook is archived on Zenodo for permanent access and citation. Use the DOI above for a persistent link that will always resolve to this work.

Citation Recommendations
  • Citing the whole handbook? Use the format examples below
  • Citing a specific chapter? Use the chapter-level citation format
  • Referencing a study discussed in the handbook? Cite the original source directly

Citing the Entire Handbook

AMA (American Medical Association)

Tegomoh B. The Public Health AI Handbook: Evaluating AI Tools for Public Health Practice. 2025. doi:10.5281/zenodo.18263442

APA (7th Edition)

Tegomoh, B. (2025). The Public Health AI handbook: Evaluating AI tools for public health practice. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18263442

Vancouver / ICMJE

Tegomoh B. The Public Health AI handbook: evaluating AI tools for public health practice [Internet]. 2025 [cited YYYY Mon DD]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18263442

Chicago (Notes-Bibliography)

Bryan Tegomoh, The Public Health AI Handbook: Evaluating AI Tools for Public Health Practice (2025), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18263442.

BibTeX

@book{tegomoh2025publichealth,
  author = {Tegomoh, Bryan},
  title = {The Public Health AI Handbook: Evaluating AI Tools for
           Public Health Practice},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18263442},
  url = {https://publichealthaihandbook.com},
  note = {Licensed under CC BY 4.0}
}

Citing a Specific Chapter or Section

When referencing specific content, cite at the chapter level for precision.

Pattern: > Tegomoh (2025), “Disease Surveillance” section

Example (AMA):

Tegomoh B. AI-Enhanced Disease Surveillance. In: The Public Health AI Handbook. 2025. https://publichealthaihandbook.com/applications/surveillance.html

BibTeX:

@incollection{tegomoh2025surveillance,
  author = {Tegomoh, Bryan},
  title = {AI-Enhanced Disease Surveillance},
  booktitle = {The Public Health AI Handbook},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://publichealthaihandbook.com/applications/surveillance.html},
  note = {Chapter in Part II: Current Applications}
}

Citing Primary Sources Referenced in the Handbook

Best Practice: Cite the Original Source

When the handbook discusses or summarizes research from other sources (journal articles, reports, datasets), always cite the original source rather than citing the handbook as a secondary reference.

Why?

  • Gives proper credit to the original researchers
  • Provides readers with the primary source for verification
  • Maintains academic integrity and rigor
  • Follows scholarly citation standards

Example

Incorrect: > According to Tegomoh (2025), MYCIN was an expert system that performed as well as infectious disease specialists.

Correct: > In a blinded evaluation of ten meningitis cases, MYCIN’s antimicrobial regimens received 65% acceptability from infectious-disease experts (Yu et al., 1979).

Chapters link the sources supporting their evidence claims and findings. When a claim is used in scholarly work, the linked original source should be checked directly and cited when appropriate.

Academic Use

This handbook is free to use for:

  • Public health education and training programs
  • Epidemiology coursework and research methods
  • Government agency assessments and policy analysis
  • Research citations
  • Surveillance system evaluations
  • International health program development

Attribution via the DOI is appreciated.

How should the handbook be cited?

Use the handbook DOI for the book as a whole and the canonical chapter URL when referring to a specific chapter. The citation examples above provide common formats. Include the access date when required by the selected style or institution.

What is the handbook DOI?

The DOI is 10.5281/zenodo.18263442. The DOI record provides a stable scholarly route even as the web edition continues to be updated.

Should a reader cite the handbook or the original study?

When a claim depends on a study, official report, dataset, or regulation, open and cite that original source. The handbook can be cited for its framework, organization, interpretation, or educational synthesis. Citing the primary source gives the original authors credit and lets readers verify the design, population, endpoint, and limitations directly.

What license applies?

The handbook uses the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. It may be shared and adapted with appropriate credit, a link to the license, and an indication of changes.

License

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

You are free to:

  • Share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
  • Adapt: remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose

Under the following terms:

  • Attribution: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.

Full license details: LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 Legal Code

Acknowledgment Text

If you adapt or build upon this work:

This work is based on The Public Health AI Handbook by Bryan Tegomoh, MD, MPH (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18263442), available at https://publichealthaihandbook.com

Contact

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